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Original Research Article

Yobe State and the Ecology of Insurgency: Poverty, Climate Stress, and Violent Extremism

Hussaini Ibn Mohammed (PhD), Mamuda Abubakar (PhD)

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Hussaini Ibn Mohammed (PhD) Corresponding Author

Department of Sociology, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria

ORCID: 0009-0000-8962-3658

Correspondence: abubakarmamudaa@gmail.com

Received
22 Jun 2026
Published
10 Jul 2026
DOI
Pending

Abstract

Yobe State sits at the center of one of the most violent and least understood conflicts in West Africa. Decades of insurgent activity by Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) have claimed thousands of lives, yet explanations anchored in ideology alone fail to account for the structural conditions that sustain mass recruitment and territorial control across the state's arid zones. This study examines the ecology of insurgency in Yobe State, tracing how poverty, climate stress, and violent extremism interact to produce cycles of instability that conventional security responses have consistently failed to break. Grounded in political ecology and conflict theory, the research draws on mixed methods: spatial analysis of rainfall anomalies and land degradation data, household-level poverty indices, and qualitative evidence from affected communities. The central argument is that violent extremism in Yobe State is, in significant part, an outcome of accumulated environmental and economic shocks that have hollowed out livelihoods, weakened state presence, and left large segments of the population structurally exposed to extremist mobilization. Shrinking water availability, desertification along the Lake Chad corridor, and the collapse of rain-fed agriculture have not caused insurgency directly. They have, instead, removed the material and social buffers that might otherwise contain it. Findings show spatially concentrated overlaps between climate stress hotspots and zones of high insurgent activity, with implications for policy that go well beyond military containment.

Keywords: Climate stress, Conflict ecology, Desertification, Environmental insecurity, Insurgency, Yobe State, Boko Haram, ISWAP, Poverty, Lake Chad

How to Cite

APA

Hussaini Ibn Mohammed (PhD) (2026). Yobe State and the Ecology of Insurgency: Poverty, Climate Stress, and Violent Extremism. British Journal of Advanced Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/Pending

MLA

Hussaini Ibn Mohammed (PhD). "Yobe State and the Ecology of Insurgency: Poverty, Climate Stress, and Violent Extremism." British Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/Pending

Chicago

Hussaini Ibn Mohammed (PhD). "Yobe State and the Ecology of Insurgency: Poverty, Climate Stress, and Violent Extremism." British Journal of Advanced Research 1, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/Pending

References

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Tracking ID BJAR_JUN_26_005
Article No. 002
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Article Info
Journal BJAR
Volume Vol 1, No 1
Year 2026
Type Original Research Article
Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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