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Original Research Article

Architecture, Religion, and Environmental Sustainability: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Faith-Based Institutions in Nigeria

Amba Tony Aku, Kazeh Joseph Ashi, Jonathan .D. Chong

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Amba Tony Aku Corresponding Author

Neo-Tropical Urban Rural Environmental Resilience and Sustainable Development Initiative Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

ORCID: 0000-0002-81048756

Correspondence: revtonyakuamba@gmail.com

Received
29 Jul 2026
Published
10 Aug 2026

Abstract

Faith-based institutions (FBIs) have historically influenced social transformation through education, healthcare, humanitarian services, and moral leadership. In recent decades, these institutions have increasingly been recognized as important stakeholders in promoting environmental sustainability through sustainable architecture, ecological stewardship, renewable energy adoption, waste management, and environmental education. Despite these contributions, empirical evidence on how architectural design within religious institutions supports environmental sustainability in Nigeria remains limited. This study assessed the relationship between architecture, religion, and environmental sustainability using a convergent mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were obtained from 400 respondents selected from Christian and Muslim faith-based institutions across Nigeria through structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were collected through 25 key informant interviews and six focus group discussions with religious leaders, architects, environmental professionals, and facility managers. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were employed for quantitative analysis, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings indicate that sustainable architectural features such as natural ventilation, daylight optimization, rainwater harvesting, solar photovoltaic systems, green landscaping, and waste segregation significantly improve environmental performance within faith-based institutions. Respondents also reported that religious teachings on stewardship of creation positively influence environmental behaviours. Regression analysis revealed that sustainable architectural practices, environmental awareness, institutional policies, and leadership commitment jointly explained a substantial proportion of the variation in environmental sustainability outcomes. Qualitative findings further demonstrated that eco-spiritual values motivate environmental conservation initiatives, although financial constraints, inadequate technical expertise, and weak policy implementation remain significant barriers. The study concludes that integrating sustainable architecture with religious values provides a practical framework for advancing environmental sustainability in Nigeria. It recommends stronger collaboration among government agencies, architects, environmental professionals, and faith-based organizations to mainstream green building practices and environmental education.

Keywords: Sustainable Architecture, Eco-Spirituality, Religion, Environmental Sustainability, Faith-Based Institutions, Green Buildings, Nigeria.

How to Cite

APA

Aku, A. T., Ashi, K. J., & Chong, J. .. (2026). Architecture, Religion, and Environmental Sustainability: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Faith-Based Institutions in Nigeria. British Journal of Advanced Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.68263/BJAR-HJMN2A42

MLA

Aku, Amba Tony, Kazeh Joseph Ashi, and Jonathan .D. Chong. "Architecture, Religion, and Environmental Sustainability: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Faith-Based Institutions in Nigeria." British Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 1, no. 2, 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.68263/BJAR-HJMN2A42

Chicago

Aku, Amba Tony, Kazeh Joseph Ashi, and Jonathan .D. Chong. "Architecture, Religion, and Environmental Sustainability: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Faith-Based Institutions in Nigeria." British Journal of Advanced Research 1, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.68263/BJAR-HJMN2A42

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Metadata
ISSN 3153-709X
Tracking ID BJAR_JUL_26_011
Article No. 003
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Article Info
Journal BJAR
Volume Vol 1, No 2
Year 2026
Type Original Research Article
Licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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