Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is crucial for the economic development of African countries, as it enables capital inflows, technology transfer, and job creation. Nonetheless, the connection between foreign direct investment and sustainable economic development is intricate and layered. This study explores the effects of foreign direct investment on sustainable development in Africa, focussing on its contributions to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. This study employs a secondary research methodology to examine existing data sourced from academic articles, international reports, and government publications, focussing on the impact of foreign direct investment on significant development outcomes throughout the continent. The results indicate that although foreign direct investment plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, its impact on alleviating poverty and promoting social inclusion varies, with certain sectors experiencing greater advantages than others. The analysis further emphasises the environmental issues linked to specific forms of foreign investment, especially in the realm of natural resource extraction. The study suggests that to improve the developmental impact of foreign direct investment, it is essential to reinforce institutional frameworks, prioritise sustainable investment initiatives, enhance human capital, promote public-private partnerships, and support regional integration efforts. The analysis highlights the necessity of synchronising foreign direct investment with the overarching sustainable development objectives of African nations, guaranteeing that such investments foster inclusive growth and long-term environmental sustainability.