This study examines the historical and contemporary dimensions of the GEM cultural practice among the Berom people of Plateau State, Nigeria, and its implications for public health. Traditionally, GEM was a culturally regulated institution that promoted social cohesion, lineage continuity, and economic reciprocity within Berom society. However, its transformation in modern times has led to distortions associated with increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, hepatitis, and other communicable infections. Using a qualitative research design based on literature review, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), field notes, journals, and textbooks, the study is anchored on Social Protection Theory to explain how weakened traditional structures and inadequate welfare systems heighten social and health vulnerabilities. Findings reveal limited intervention by government and non-governmental organizations in addressing culturally sensitive practices with adverse health consequences. The study concludes that although GEM remains part of Berom cultural heritage, there is a need for culturally sensitive reforms, public health awareness campaigns, and integrated social protection policies to reduce its negative effects. The research contributes to scholarship on the intersection between culture and public health in Africa.