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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCARM</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Academic Research and Methodologies</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title>JCARM</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">3139-7247</issn>
            <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ivory and Finch Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.22806922</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JCARM_AUG_26_064</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Varying Total Volume of Ternary N-alkane Solvent Mixtures at Constant Volume Ratio of Individual N-Alkanes on the Yield of Heavy Organics from Crude Oil Residues</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
                        <surname>Innocent Iroegbu</surname>
            <given-names>Dr.</given-names>
          </name>
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7638-7113</contrib-id>
                    <aff>Department of Pure &amp; Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Basic &amp; Applied Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria</aff>
          <email>innocent.iroegbu@uat.edu.ng</email>
        </contrib>
                                          <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                                <surname>Ozioma Achugasim</surname>
                <given-names>Prof.</given-names>
              </name>
                                          <aff>Department of Pure &amp; Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State</aff>
                          </contrib>
                                    </contrib-group>

            <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      
      
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22806922"/>
      
      <abstract>
        <p>Heavy organic precipitates were generated from crude oil residue using varying total volumes of ternary n-alkane solvent mixtures: C5:C6:C7, C5:C6:C8, C5:C7:C8   and C6:C7:C8 combinations, respectively, at a constant volume ratio of 1:1:1 of the individual n-alkanes. C5:C6:C7 combination showed precipitation of heavy organics (HOS), which rose to a maximum at 30ml/g of the oil, after which re-dissolution started and stretched to 60ml. An equilibrium yield was observed from 60ml/g oil. At 15ml/g oil, the C5:C6:C8, C5:C7:C8, and C6:C7:C8 curves showed that the HOS are already on the path of re-dissolution stretching between 15-60mls range. Equilibrium yield was also observed for the curves, all from 60mls/g oil. The analysis of variance shows that the effect of varying the volume for the different combinations was significant (P-value=0.047&lt;5%). The results showed that the total volume of n-alkane mixture/g of oil, which gives the maximum precipitate, varies with the n-alkane combination. The experiment also defined the total volume/g of oil for maximum yield and hence the start of redissolution, which was not shown in the single solvent experiments. In pressure depletion in the field, precipitation of heavy organics starts during the expansion of the oil before the bubble point. At the bubble point pressure, the volume of the oil is a maximum. Beyond the bubble point, the volume of the oil contracts to the critical volume where dissolved asphaltene begins to precipitate again. This study can lead to a better understanding of the phase behavior of heavy organics under compositional changes and, hence, the prediction of heavy organic precipitation.</p>
      </abstract>

            <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
                <kwd>Heavy Organics</kwd>
                <kwd>Ternary mixtures</kwd>
                <kwd>Precipitates</kwd>
                <kwd>Crude oil</kwd>
                <kwd>N-alkanes.</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
      
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
                <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
              </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &copy; 2026 by the authors</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>

    </article-meta>
  </front>

    <back>
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