This research delves into the intricate relationships among poverty, social inclusion, and economic development in Nigeria, emphasising the identification of obstacles to inclusive growth and evaluating the efficacy of current policy measures. Utilising secondary data sources such as academic literature, government reports, and international development publications, the research elucidates that, notwithstanding Nigeria's economic potential and historical instances of GDP growth, pervasive poverty and entrenched social exclusion continue to endure. Significant observations reveal that marginalised demographics, including women, youth, individuals with disabilities, and rural communities, persistently face exclusion from predominant economic and political frameworks. The analysis ascribes this phenomenon to inadequate institutional frameworks, inefficiencies in policy implementation, and disparities across regions. It underscores that economic expansion devoid of social inclusion exacerbates inequality and obstructs sustainable development. The paper culminates in a series of recommendations for comprehensive policy reforms, the enhancement of social protection systems, investment in inclusive education and infrastructure, as well as the promotion of civic engagement. These strategies are crucial for cultivating a more just and thriving Nigerian society.