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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BJAR</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>British Journal of Advanced Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title>BJAR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">3153-709X</issn>
            <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ivory and Finch Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.68263/BJAR-M69552U9</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BJAR_OCT_26_063</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Agriculture as a Supplementary Post-Retirement Livelihood Strategy for Nigerian Civil Servants with Disabilities: A Critical Integrative Review</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
                        <surname>Abdullahi Mohammed</surname>
            <given-names></given-names>
          </name>
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-1140</contrib-id>
                    <aff>Department of Agricultural Education, Isa Kaita College of Education, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria</aff>
          <email>mabduldaura@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
                                          <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                                <surname>Usman</surname>
                <given-names>Hussaini</given-names>
              </name>
                                          <aff>Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria</aff>
                          </contrib>
                                              <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                                <surname>Ahmed</surname>
                <given-names>Sirajo</given-names>
              </name>
                                          <aff>Department of Special Education, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria</aff>
                          </contrib>
                                              <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                                <surname>Muhammad</surname>
                <given-names>Hamza</given-names>
              </name>
                                          <aff>Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Isa Kaita College of Education, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria</aff>
                          </contrib>
                                              <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                                <surname>Salisu</surname>
                <given-names>Rabiu</given-names>
              </name>
                                          <aff>Department of Organic Agriculture, Federal College of Agriculture, Nabanje, Kafur, Katsina State, Nigeria</aff>
                          </contrib>
                                    </contrib-group>

            <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      
      
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.68263/BJAR-M69552U9"/>
      
      <abstract>
        <p>Background: Retired Nigerian civil servants with disabilities may face intersecting financial and accessibility barriers, yet agriculture is often proposed as a supplementary livelihood activity. Objective: This critical integrative review examines the empirical and policy basis for disability-inclusive agricultural retirement strategies in Nigeria. Approach: Peer-reviewed evidence on public servants’ agricultural diversification in Kwara, Niger and Northeastern Nigeria is critically compared with disability-inclusive farming evidence from Northern Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana, and interpreted alongside livelihood and disability frameworks. Synthesis: Studies of public servants document enterprise participation and positive historical margins, while disability-focused studies identify constraints on labour participation and unequal access to productive technology. Ghanaian evidence suggests that technology gaps, rather than large technical-efficiency differences, contribute to production disparities. However, no included study directly estimates long-term agricultural livelihood effects among retired Nigerian civil servants with disabilities. Conclusion: Agriculture may offer an optional supplement to pension security when enterprises are individually selected, accessible, financially appraised and linked to support and markets. A testable policy framework and research agenda are proposed; causal effectiveness remains to be established.</p>
      </abstract>

            <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
                <kwd>Disability Inclusion</kwd>
                <kwd>Retirement</kwd>
                <kwd>Agricultural Livelihoods</kwd>
                <kwd>Pension Security</kwd>
                <kwd>Nigeria</kwd>
                <kwd>Accessibility</kwd>
                <kwd>Rural Entrepreneurship</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
      
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
                <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
              </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &copy; 2026 by the authors</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>

    </article-meta>
  </front>

    <back>
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